Celebrating One Year of Environmental Research Letters

Unveiling Our Planet's Secrets

In a world grappling with environmental change, one journal has become the meeting place for scientists and policymakers to imagine a sustainable future.

Introduction: Where Research Meets Reality

Imagine a single platform that brings together climate scientists, economists, engineers, and sociologists to tackle the most pressing environmental challenges of our time. This is the vision behind Environmental Research Letters (ERL), a high-impact open-access journal that has become the crossroads where rigorous science meets practical policy solutions.

Since its establishment, ERL has dedicated itself to understanding the state of natural systems and the growing human footprint on our planet. The journal's interdisciplinary approach recognizes that solving complex environmental problems requires bridging traditional academic boundaries, bringing together intellectual and professional scientists from diverse fields alongside the public sector and civil society 1 .

As we examine the contributions of this influential publication, we uncover how it has shaped our understanding of environmental change and provided the evidence base for building a more sustainable relationship with our planet.

The ERL Difference: Interdisciplinary Science for a Complex World

A Meeting of Minds

What sets Environmental Research Letters apart is its foundational commitment to interdisciplinary collaboration. Where many scientific journals operate within narrow siloes, ERL actively encourages contributions from a broad spectrum of disciplines, including:

Physical and Natural Sciences

Providing fundamental understanding of environmental processes

Economics

Offering insights into the costs, benefits, and incentives surrounding environmental issues

Engineering

Developing practical solutions and technologies

Political, Sociological, and Legal Studies

Addressing governance, behavior, and policy implementation 2

This integrative approach reflects the increasingly interdisciplinary nature of environmental science itself, recognizing that understanding—and addressing—complex environmental challenges requires multiple perspectives and methodologies 6 .

Rigorous Standards, Global Reach

ERL maintains exacting scientific standards, considering only articles that report original science representing significant advances beyond existing research. The journal employs a rigorous peer-review process where manuscripts are "judged solely on their scientific merits," ensuring that publication decisions are based on scientific quality rather than author reputation, institutional affiliation, or demographic factors 1 .

The journal's impact metrics testify to its scientific influence, with an Impact Factor of 5.6 3 and a Scimago Journal Rank (SJR) of 2.144 2 6 . These impressive metrics place ERL in the top quartile (Q1) across multiple categories including Environmental Science, Public Health, and Renewable Energy 2 6 , reflecting its broad relevance and high standing in the scientific community.

Metric Value Significance
Impact Factor 5.6 3 Measures average citations received per article
5-Year Impact Factor 7.2 3 Captures longer-term influence
SJR Ranking 2.144 2 6 Prestige indicator weighted by citation source
H-index 201 2 6 201 articles have at least 201 citations each
Best Quartile Q1 in multiple categories 2 Top 25% of journals in its field

ERL Impact Metrics Visualization

5.6

Impact Factor

7.2

5-Year Impact

2.144

SJR Ranking

201

H-index

Trailblazing Science: How Recreational Trails Reshape Wildlife Behavior

The Hidden Impact of Nature Trails

Among the thousands of studies published in Environmental Research Letters, one particularly accessible yet profound research area examines how human infrastructure in natural areas affects wildlife. Consider recreational trails—those paths that allow millions of people to experience nature each year. While seemingly benign, these trails represent a significant form of habitat modification that can alter animal behavior in unexpected ways.

Protected areas worldwide contain extensive trail networks, with trail mileage in U.S. state and federal lands increasing by 43% between 1965 and 2015—adding over 214,500 kilometers of trails 5 . These trails concentrate recreational activity into small footprints of disturbance, creating edge habitats, changing hydrological patterns, and potentially fragmenting ecosystems 5 .

The critical scientific question is: How does trail construction and use affect local wildlife species? Understanding these impacts is essential for balancing the human desire to experience nature with the conservation mission of protected areas.

Cracking the Case: An Experimental Approach

To address this question conclusively, researchers employed a sophisticated Before-After Control-Impact (BACI) experimental design—a method that provides much stronger evidence for cause-and-effect relationships than simple observational studies 5 . This approach involved:

Establishment of monitoring zones

Researchers set up camera traps in three distinct areas:

  • On-trail zone: Directly along the planned trail corridor
  • Near-trail zone: Approximately 50 meters from the trail
  • Control zone: At least 150 meters from the trail, serving as a reference
Extended monitoring period

Data collection occurred across multiple phases:

  • Before construction: Establishing baseline wildlife activity
  • During construction: Capturing immediate responses to trail building
  • After construction: Documenting longer-term adaptations to the trail's presence
Comprehensive data collection

The study accumulated 7,045 camera trap days across 301 deployments, capturing 289,594 photographs and 8,730 discrete wildlife detections 5 .

This meticulous experimental design allowed researchers to distinguish actual effects of trail construction from natural variations in wildlife activity—a level of scientific rigor that exemplifies the standards of Environmental Research Letters.

Species Response During Construction Response After Construction Behavioral Changes
White-tailed Deer Significant avoidance in on-trail and near-trail zones 5 Partial recovery but not to pre-construction levels 5 Shift toward more nocturnal activity 5
Eastern Gray Squirrel Significant reduction in on-trail zone 5 Continued avoidance of on-trail zone 5 Became more nocturnal in all zones 5
Raccoon Increased activity in on-trail zone 5 Attraction to on-trail zone continued 5 Maintained nocturnal patterns with increased trail use 5
Coyote Minimal change 5 Attraction to on-trail zone, especially at night 5 Strongly nocturnal, used trails for movement 5

Reading the Signs: What Wildlife Tell Us About Human Impact

Species-Specific Responses

The Appalachian case study revealed fascinating patterns in how different animals respond to trail construction and presence. These responses reflect each species' ecology, behavior, and adaptability:

Avoidance Species

White-tailed deer and eastern gray squirrels showed significant avoidance during trail construction. Deer remained cautious even after construction, while squirrels—which prefer dense understory vegetation—continued to avoid the trail corridor 5 .

Attraction Species

Raccoons, who feed on invertebrates and mast made available in freshly upturned soils, were attracted to the trail during construction and continued to use it afterward 5 . They're known to favor forest edge habitats, which trails effectively create.

Opportunistic Users

Coyotes showed little response during construction but increasingly used the trail afterward, particularly at night. This pattern aligns with other research showing that predators often use human trails for efficient movement through dense habitat 5 .

The Human Shield Effect

Perhaps the most intriguing finding involves what scientists call the "human shield hypothesis"—the theory that prey species might benefit from human presence if their predators avoid humans more strongly than they do 5 . In some ecosystems, research has documented ungulates reducing their anti-predator behavior near recreational paths, effectively using human presence as protection from predators 5 .

The Appalachian study complemented this understanding by revealing how trail infrastructure itself—even beyond direct human presence—can alter wildlife behavior and potentially shift predator-prey dynamics in forested ecosystems.

Human Shield Effect Visualization

Human Presence

Creates a zone of influence

Prey Species

May feel safer near humans

Predators

Avoid human-dominated areas

The Scientist's Toolkit: Methods for Monitoring Wildlife Impacts

Modern wildlife monitoring relies on an array of specialized tools and methods that allow researchers to observe animals with minimal disturbance. The trail impact study exemplifies how these tools are deployed in practice:

Camera Traps

Motion-activated cameras that capture wildlife activity 24/7 without human presence

Application: Primary data collection method; deployed across all zones 5

BACI Design

Before-After Control-Impact experimental framework

Application: Established causation by comparing zones before, during, and after trail construction 5

Occupancy Modeling

Statistical method estimating probability of species presence

Application: Analyzed spatial distribution of species across zones 5

Detection Frequency Analysis

Measures intensity of habitat use by counting wildlife captures

Application: Assessed activity levels relative to trail construction phases 5

Diel Pattern Analysis

Examines changes in daily activity timing (nocturnal/diurnal shifts)

Application: Identified behavioral adaptations like increased nocturnality 5

Conclusion: Building a Sustainable Future, One Study at a Time

The research on wildlife responses to trail construction exemplifies the important work published in Environmental Research Letters—science that provides actionable insights for balancing human needs with environmental protection. The findings offer specific guidance for land managers: considering seasonal timing of trail work to minimize disruption, implementing temporary closures during sensitive periods, and monitoring endangered species particularly closely in areas with trail development 5 .

Beyond this specific case, ERL continues to publish groundbreaking research across the environmental spectrum, from climate modeling and renewable energy to environmental justice and sustainable agriculture. Each study contributes another piece to the complex puzzle of how we can build a more sustainable relationship with our planet.

As Environmental Research Letters moves forward, its commitment to interdisciplinary collaboration, scientific rigor, and open accessibility ensures it will remain at the forefront of efforts to understand and address the environmental challenges of our time. In a world of rapid environmental change, this journal provides not just problems, but evidence-based pathways toward solutions—offering hope that through science, we can develop the knowledge needed to protect the natural systems upon which we all depend.

Interdisciplinary Collaboration
Scientific Rigor
Open Accessibility

References